Saturday, October 23

Switch (Basics)

Switch is an electrical component that can make or break an electrical circuit. It has conductive pieces (often metal) called contacts or terminal that touch to close (make) or open (break) a connection.

A pair of contacts is closed (switched on) when current can flow from one contact to other. When the contacts are separated by an air gap, they are open (switched off) and no current can flow between them.

various types of switches

Switches used for home wiring are mechnical switches and have an internal arrangement as shown below.

internal working of switch

Electromechanical switches like relay are used for specialized operations.

Note: The representation shown below is the technical representation (used in diagrams) followed by some actual switches used.

Technically, based on the number of contacts, switches can be classified as:

  • SPST (Single pole, single throw)

It is a simple on-off switch. The two terminals are either connected together or disconnected from each other.

For Ex: light switch in homes.

technical representation of single pole single throw switch (SPST)      A single pole double pole (SPST) switch

 


  • SPDT (Single pole, double throw)

It has a common contact C (COM) connected to either of two other contacts A or B.

Technical representation of a Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch    A Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch

 


  • SPCO (Single pole, centre off)

Equivalent to SPDT switch, only that it has a centre off position.

Technical representation of a Single Pole Centre Off (SPCO) switch    Single Pole Centre Off (SPCO) switch

 

 

  • DPST (Double pole, single throw)

Equivalent to two SPST switches controlled by a single mechanism.

Technical representation of a Double Pole, Single Throw (DPST) switch    A Double Pole, Single Throw (DPST) switch

 

 

  • DPDT (Double pole, double throw)

Equivalent to two SPDT switches controlled simultaneoulsy.

Technical representation of a Double Pole, Double Throw (DPDT) switch    A Double Pole, Double Throw (DPDT) switch

A is connected to either B or C, D is connected to either E or F.

 

  • DPCO (Double pole, centre off)

Equivalent to a DPDT switch, it has a stable off position in the centre.

Technical representation of a Double Pole, Centre Off (DPCO) switch    A Double Pole, Centre Off (DPCO) switch

 

Switches derived from above are switches are

  • Push-to-make

A push-to-make switch returns to its normally open (off) position when you release the button, this is shown by the brackets around ON.

For Ex: Doorbell switch.

Technical representation of a Push-to-make switch    A Push-to-make switch~

 

 

  • Push-to-break

A push-to-break switch returns to its closed (on) position when you release the button.

Technical representation of a Push-to-break switch    A Push-to-break switch

 

Source: Wikipedia

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